CARIBBEAN STUD POKER HISTORY

As the name implies, caribbean stud poker originated in the Caribbean Islands and on cruise ships that plied those waters. Because caribbean stud poker is not especially favorable for the player, when Las Vegas casinos adopted caribbean stud poker, they added a progressive jackpot sweetener. Although the jackpot doesn't benefit the caribbean stud poker player that much, it has helped to make the game popular enough to become a pretty standard offering in Nevada and other gambling jurisdictions.

The forerunner of Poker was a 16th century European three-card game called primera (Spain) or primero (England). There was betting and valued hands were three of a kind, pairs, and three of the same suit: a flux (later flush). By the 18th century the betting and bluffing aspects of the game had been incorporated in such five-card games as Brag (England), Pochen (Germany), and Poque (France). The importance of bluffing (betting with a poor hand) is shown by the fact that pochen means "to bluff."

The game was carried to North America in the 18th century by French colonists to the Louisiana territory, the American term being a corruption of Poque. The game spread north up the Mississippi River and West as the country developed. By 1834 it was adapted to the 52-card deck and from the mid 19th century on it was described in books on card games. At first it was a game for men only, but by the mid 20th century it was played by women as well. It is the classic game in all Western films.

Poker was taken back to Europe when Robert C. Schenck, U.S. minister to Great Britain, introduced it to members of the court of Queen Victoria in the early 1870s. A set of rules written by Schenck was the first book on the game.

The rank of hands in the original European games was supplanted (in descending order) by four of a kind; full house (three of a kind and a pair); three of a kind; two pairs; one pair; and no pair (high card winning). Later the straight (five cards in sequence regardless of suit) and the flush were introduced, ranking, respectively, above three of a kind. Additional rounds of betting were also introduced.

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CARIBBEAN STUD POKER RULES

The game of caribbean stud poker is a variation of poker played on a caribbean stud poker sized table.

Following is how the game is played:

First, place a wager, this is called the caribbean stud poker ante.
Second, each player and the dealer is dealt their own five card hand. One of the caribbean stud poker dealer's cards is face up the other four are face down. Third, decide to stay in or fold. If you fold you forfeit your caribbean stud poker ante. If you stay in you must add to your bet double the amount of the ante. Fourth (assuming the player is still in), the caribbean stud poker dealer looks at his/her cards. If the caribbean stud poker dealer does not have at least an ace/king then the player automatically wins even money on the caribbean stud poker ante and the additional wager is returned. If the caribbean stud poker dealer does have at least ace/king then a comparison is made between the caribbean stud poker player's hand and the dealer's hand. If the caribbean stud poker player has the higher hand he/she wins even money on the caribbean stud poker ante, and the additional wager pays according to the payoff table below. If the caribbean stud poker dealer's hand beats the caribbean stud poker player's hand he loses both the ante and raise.

Hand	Payoff
Royal flush	100 to 1
Straight flush	50 to 1
Four of a kind	20 to 1
Full house	7 to 1
Flush	5 to 1
Straight	4 to 1
Three of a kind	3 to 1
Two pair	2 to 1
Pair	1 to 1
Ace/King	1 to 1

The caribbean stud poker progressive jackpot side bet
In caribbean stud poker the player has the choice to make a side bet of $1 which pays for hands of a flush or better. The specific payoff tables vary from place to place but always feature a progressive jackpot, paying 100% of the jackpot meter for a royal flush and 10% for a straight flush. In the very unlikely event that two players had a royal flush in the same hand at most places the first one to the caribbean stud poker dealer's left would win the jackpot and the second would win whatever the jackpot is reseeded to, usually $10,000 or $20,000. Some places would split the jackpot between the two players. In the event that two caribbean stud poker players received a straight flush at the same time the first one to the caribbean stud poker dealer left would get 10% of the meter and the second would get 10% of what was left after the first player was paid. In other words it pays to sit as close as possible to the caribbean stud poker dealer's left.

The caribbean stud poker side bet jackpot payoff table;

	Table 1	Table 2	Table 3	Table 4	Table 5	Table 6
Royal flush	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%
Straight flush	10%	10%	10%	10%	10%	10%
Four of a kind	$100	$150	$500	$500	$500	$500
Full house	$75	$100	$100	$150	$75	$100
Flush	$50	$50	$50	$75	$50	$75

Below is a key to some of the casino where each caribbean stud poker payoff table above can be found. Unless otherwise stated the casino is in Las Vegas.

Table 1; Ballys, Paris, California, Las Vegas Club, Hilton
Table 2; Luxor, Excalibur, Mandaley Bay, Monte Carlo
Table 3; Bellagio, Venetian, Rio, Every casino in Atlantic City, Casino Niagara (Niagara Falls, Ontario), Grand (Tunica), Gold Strike (Tunica), Ballys (Tunica), Sheraton (Tunica), Isle of Capri (Tunica), Hollywood (Tunica), Harrah's (Tunica)
Table 4; Harrah's, Circus Circus
Table 5; Flamingo Hilton
Table 6; Imperial Palace, Horseshoe (Tunica)

CARIBBEAN STUD POKER STRATEGY

The caribbean stud poker player should raise on any pair or better, fold on anything less than ace/king, and should sometimes raise and sometimes fold on ace/king. To play caribbean stud poker perfectly would involve memorizing the charts in my caribbean stud poker appendix on when exactly to raise on ace/king. Of course nobody is going to do that so a more simplified caribbean stud poker strategy is clearly called for. By studying the caribbean stud poker appendix you will notice certain patterns of when the odds favor raising and when they don't. I have summarized these patterns in the following suggested rules of thumb on when to raise on ace/king in caribbean stud poker:

Raise if the caribbean stud poker dealer's card is a 2 through queen and matches one of yours.
Raise if the caribbean stud poker dealer's card is an ace or king and you have a queen or jack in your hand.
Raise if the caribbean stud poker dealer's rank does not match any of yours and you have a queen in your hand and the dealer's card is less than your fourth highest card.

This caribbean stud poker strategy is unique to this page but is not the only caribbean stud poker strategy I have heard of. Following are various other caribbean stud poker strategies, their total loss based on all possible 19, 933, 230, 517, 200 combinations of hands, the caribbean stud poker house edge, and the "element of risk" (defined below). The "matching rank" strategy calls for raising on any pair or better and on ace/king when one of the player's cards matches the rank of the caribbean stud poker dealer's up card (which lowers the odds of the dealer forming a pair).

Strategy Statistics in caribbean stud poker

Strategy	Total loss	House edge	Element of risk
Perfect strategy	1,041,372,912,372	5.224%	2.555%
Three rules of thumb (above)	1,041,417,758,724	5.225%	2.554%
Raise on ace/king/jack/8/3 or better	1,059,715,400,580	5.316%	2.596%
Raise on any pair or better	1,090,272,101,460	5.470%	2.738%
Raise on any ace/king or better	1,132,600,203,540	5.682%	2.672%
Playing blind (raise on everything)	3,310,360,338,060	16.607%	5.536%
Matching rank	1,063,176,931,284	5.334%	2.616%

The caribbean stud poker house edge vs element of risk
Any respectable caribbean stud poker book will tell you that the house edge in caribbean stud poker is about 5.2%. This is true but I have always felt it unfairly makes the game look like a bad bet. The reason is in how the caribbean stud poker house edge is defined, the ratio of average money lost to the original bet. In caribbean stud poker the player will roughly wager just as much in raises as in antes, and this additional money bet is not considered in the caribbean stud poker house edge statistic.

For purposes of comparison to other games I think it is better to consider the ratio of money lost to total money wagered, which I refer to as the caribbean stud poker "element of risk." The element of risk using perfect strategy is 2.555%, which makes caribbean stud poker look more competitive compared to other games, although still not one of the best. It is interesting to note that the element of risk for my three rules of thumb is better than for caribbean stud poker perfect strategy! That is because raising on slightly suboptimal plays is actually a better bet than the caribbean stud poker game as a whole and brings down the average expected loss.

The caribbean stud poker progressive jackpot side bet
In caribbean stud poker the player has the choice to make a side bet of $1 which pays for hands of a flush or better. The specific caribbean stud poker payoff tables vary from place to place but always feature a progressive jackpot, paying 100% of the jackpot meter for a royal flush and 10% for a straight flush. In the very unlikely event that two caribbean stud poker players had a royal flush in the same hand at most places the first one to the caribbean stud poker dealer's left would win the jackpot and the second would win whatever the caribbean stud poker jackpot is reseeded to, usually $10,000 or $20,000. Some places would split the caribbean stud poker jackpot between the two caribbean stud poker players. In the event that two caribbean stud poker players received a straight flush at the same time the first one to the caribbean stud poker dealer left would get 10% of the meter and the second would get 10% of what was left after the first caribbean stud poker player was paid. In other words it pays to sit as close as possible to the dealer's left. While the expected return varies depending on the size of the caribbean stud poker jackpot it is a sucker bet the vast majority of time. The average house edge is 26.46%.

A manager at Casino Niagara kindly explained how the caribbean stud poker jackpot meter works. For every dollar bet 71 cents goes into the caribbean stud poker jackpot and the casino keeps the other 29 cents. This rate of contribution can vary from place to place. All payoffs are paid right out of the meter. Every time somebody hits a royal flush the house contributes $10,000 (called the seed) to the next caribbean stud poker jackpot. The caribbean stud poker house edge is just under the cut per bet because the casino puts up the initial seed to start a new caribbean stud poker jackpot after somebody wins the previous one. At the Casino Niagara the house can expect to receive 18.84 times as much money from the 29% cut as it pays to seed new caribbean stud poker jackpots.

The table below shows four different payoff tables I have seen for caribbean stud poker. It should not be interpreted that a casino with a caribbean stud poker payoff table that pays more for a flush, full house, and four a kind is being generous. Since these payoffs come out of the meter the casino is indifferent to any win other than a royal flush (causing them to have to reseed the meter). The money in the meter can be considered the caribbean stud poker players money because it is only a matter of time before somebody wins it all.

The caribbean stud poker side bet jackpot payoff table:

	Table 1	Table 2	Table 3	Table 4	Table 5	Table 6
Royal flush	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%
Straight flush	10%	10%	10%	10%	10%	10%
Four of a kind	$100	$150	$500	$500	$500	$500
Full house	$75	$100	$100	$150	$75	$100
Flush	$50	$50	$50	$75	$50	$75

Below is a key to some of the casino where each payoff table above can be found. Unless otherwise stated the casino is in Las Vegas.

Table 1: Ballys, Paris, California, Las Vegas Club, Hilton
Table 2: Luxor, Excalibur, Mandaley Bay, Monte Carlo
Table 3: Bellagio, Venetian, Rio, Every casino in Atlantic City, Casino Niagara (Niagara Falls, Ontario), Grand (Tunica), Gold Strike (Tunica), Ballys (Tunica), Sheraton (Tunica), Isle of Capri (Tunica), Hollywood (Tunica), Harrah's (Tunica)
Table 4: Harrah's, Circus Circus
Table 5: Flamingo Hilton
Table 6: Imperial Palace, Horseshoe (Tunica)

To calculate an exact payback use the following formulas where j equals the jackpot meter:

Table 1: (598,600 + 7.6 * j) / 2,598,960
Table 2: (723,400 + 7.6 * j) / 2,598,960
Table 3: (941,800 + 7.6 * j) / 2,598,960
Table 4: (1,256,700 + 7.6 * j) / 2,598,960
Table 5: (848,200 + 7.6 * j) / 2,598,960
Table 6: (1,069,500 + 7.6 * j) / 2,598,960

The next table shows what the jackpot level would have to be for various rates of return in caribbean stud poker. For example to have a break even chance at the side bet at a casino with caribbean stud poker payoff table 1 the meter would have to be at least $263,205. One visit to a casino should illustrate the typical caribbean stud poker jackpot levels are extremely far from the break-even point and hopefully will convince you to avoid this bet.

The caribbean stud poker Progressive Jackpot Side Bet
Average Return Jackpot Meter

	Table 1	Table 2	Table 3	Table 4	Table 5	Table 6
25%	6,729	-9,692	-38,429	-79,863	-26,113	-55,232
30%	23,827	7,406	-21,331	-62,765	-9,015	-38,133
35%	40,926	24,505	-4,232	-45,666	8,084	-21,035
40%	58,024	41,603	12,866	-28,568	25,182	-3,936
45%	75,123	58,702	29,965	-11,469	42,281	13,162
50%	92,221	75,800	47,063	5,629	59,379	30,261
55%	109,319	92,898	64,162	22,727	76,477	47,359
60%	126,418	109,997	81,260	39,826	93,576	64,457
65%	143,516	127,095	98,358	56,924	110,674	81,556
70%	160,615	144,194	115,457	74,023	127,773	98,654
75%	177,713	161,292	132,555	91,121	144,871	115,753
80%	194,812	178,391	149,654	108,219	161,969	132,851
85%	211,910	195,489	166,752	125,318	179,068	149,949
90%	229,008	212,587	183,851	142,416	196,166	167,048
95%	246,107	229,686	200,949	159,515	213,265	184,146
100%	263,205	246,784	218,047	176,613	230,363	201,245
105%	280,304	263,883	235,146	193,712	247,462	218,343
110%	297,402	280,981	252,244	210,810	264,560	235,442
115%	314,501	298,079	269,343	227,908	281,658	252,540
120%	331,599	315,178	286,441	245,007	298,757	269,638
125%	348,697	332,276	303,539	262,105	315,855	286,737

The caribbean stud poker house edge will depend directly on the progressive meter at any given moment. However over the long haul the casino will enjoy a healthy house edge from the caribbean stud poker side bet. It is typical for the casino to put about 70% to 75% of money bet in the caribbean stud poker jackpot meter and hold onto the rest. Every casino I have asked reseeds the jackpot meter with either $10,000 or $20,000 after somebody hits a caribbean stud poker royal flush which will cost 1.539% of money bet per $10,000 the meter is reseeded with. So the caribbean stud poker house edge will be 1.539% or 3.078% less than whatever cut it keeps for every dollar bet. At the Casino Niagara for example where they keep 29% the house edge will be 27.461%.

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